Why Praise is like a Wheel In Gravel

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Positive reinforcement is far more effective than negative reinforcement. It’s as true for people as it is for animals. But, why?

Information theory has the answer.

Is it easier to pull or push a shopping cart through a gravel parking lot? If you’ve tried, you know it’s significantly easier to pull than push the wheels through the gravel. That’s because when you push a wheel, it has many ways to turn aside. Pushing doesn’t provide a corrective force, so when it goes off path it stays that way. When you pull, there are far fewer ways for the wheel to stray because you’re always providing a corrective force — it always bounces back towards the center.

From information theory we know that the more options there are to choose from, the more work is required to choose one. You have to put in work to fight the entropy of choice.

It’s exactly the same with negative versus positive reinforcement. With negative reinforcement, there are many ways for the recipient to react: You are pushing them through gravel, they can turn the wrong way because you aren’t giving them a guiding, corrective force. With positive reinforcement, there is only one way for the person to go. The right way.

So the next time you are about to whack someone for a mistake, think about whether you’d rather be pulling or pushing a wheel thought gravel.